The museum takes its name from the collection of silver coming from Salzburg, which was taken to Pitti Palace by the Grand-Duke Ferdinando III of Lorena.

This collection of silver, which has been exhibited in the big hall on the ground floor since the second half of the 19th Century, together with some porcelains, jewelry of the last heiress of the Medici dynasty; vases in hard stones, cameos, carvings moved from the Uffizi Gallery and ivories and ambers coming from the Bargello. The museum of the Florence Grand-Dukes' Treasures is a result of the hobby of collecting things, which dates back to Lorenzo Il Magnifico and which was continued over the centuries with the Lorena dynasty, followed in 1700 by the Medici dynasty.

The largest and most sumptuously decorated room, the former Silver Chamber, is decorated with huge frescoes carried out on the occasion of the wedding of Ferdinando II and Vittoria della Rovere in 1635, who are depicted in the large vault composition by Giovanni da San Giovanni.

On the walls, scenes exalting the glory of Lorenzo the Magnificent by Francesco Furini, Cecco Bravo, Ottavio Vannini.